With great scientific & technological strength ,Chongqing has long been a commercial and industrial center in Southwest China .At present ,it has 43 institutions of higher educa tion which there are 29 colleges and universities and l4 institutions for adult education.Some colleges in Chongqing，such as Chongqjng University，the Third Military Medical University and Southwest Agricultural University，Southwest China Normal University ,Southwest University of Political Science and Law，have become influential and famous universities in China．There are 709,000 professionals ,among whom there are 9 academicians and over 60,000 technicians who are directly working on research and development .Among 1l8 scientific research institutions，l6 are directly under the Central Government，58 are under Chongqing Municipal Government while 44 are under the county government(including autonomous counties and cities)．Its general assets total 3 billion Yuan and it has a staff of 25,000．At present，in Chongqing，there are 3 engineering and research centers of national level；2 productivity promotion centers of national level；2 pioneering service centers of national level；over 26 enterprise technological centers of municipal level，7 of which are of national level；there are 75 key laboratories of or above the municipal level，including 3 key laboratories Of national level and key laboratory in national defense and science，9 key laboratories of ministerial level and l3 key army laboratories．

 

    Chongqing has hundreds of significant scientific and technological achievements each year．During the past 5 years since Chongqing became the municipality directly under the Central Government，there are altogether 5l3 scientific and technical achievements that have gained awards of or above municipal level，among which，45 projects gained awards of national level．4436 items gained authorized patents．“The Surgical Treatment and Experimental Research on the Liver＆Bile Duck and Their Complication”．completed by Prof .Huang Zhiqiang etc．from the Third Military Medical University ,has won the firstclass award of the State Science and Technology Progress of the year 2000.   “The System of Tumor Therapy by JC Ultrasonic Focus"，developed by Prof．Wang Zhibiao and others from Chongqing Medical University，has won the second-class award of the State Technology Invention of the year 2000．

 

    Rapid development has taken place in hi-tech industries，and in 2002，the output value of hi-tech products reached 30 billion Yuan，an increase of 24.2％over the previous year ,which accounts for 16％ of the total industrial output value；the output value of hi-tech industry reached 58 billion Yuan ,an increase of 12..l％ over the previous year，which accounts for 30% of the total industrial output value.

 

    Since Chongqing became the municipality directly under the Central Government ,it has accumulated 11206 technological achievements and a total contract value of 14.25 billion Yuan ,an annual increase of 46.5%,ranking the .first in the West part of China .According to the national statistics ,the technological achievement turnover reached 935 theousand Yuan per 10,000 people ,ranking 4^th in China and No.1 in the Western region .This indicates that Chongqing ,with great power and strong cohesion ,has become the largest technological and trade center in the Western region.

 

     At present ,there are about 3,000 privately-run scientific and technological enterprises ,about 120,000 staff ,among whom nearly 50,000 have received education at or above the polytechnique college level .Up to 2002,the annual technological ,industrial and trade income of 440 privately-run technological enterprises has exceeded 1 million Yuan .Thus ,the total annual income of technology ,industry and trade reached 26.31 billon Yuan ,accounting for 13.3% of GNP in the city.

 

    In recent years ,with improvement of the comprehensive system of scientific and technological policies ,capital venture and financing ,a series of regulations and policies have been enforced ,such as “Regulation of S&T Investment of Chongqing” , “Regulation of S&T Transformation” ,”Rules of Promoting Hi-tech Industrialization” ,”Decision on Optimization of the Talents” ,for the purpose of providing a good macro-environment for the development of science and technology of Chongqing.

R&D and Industrialization of High & New Technology

 

    After Chongqing became the municipality directly under the Central Government ,the S&T work in Chongqing were carried out under the policy of “Developing Hi-Tech Projects and Accelerating Industrialization” .Strong leading roles were organized and implemented targeting at constructing a hi-tech industrial base on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River .High & new technical candidates in electronic information ,biology & medicine ,environment protection and new materials ,etc .were incubated to accelerate the optimization of economic structure in Chongqing .The S&T capability is continuously improving and the S&T agency service system is optimizing .By the end of 2002 ,there were 531 hi-tech enterprises in Chongqing ,among which 15 enterprises were regarded as high & new technical enterprises at the state level.